A buffer is an area of land between developed property and the lakeshore where trees, shrubs, and ground cover are either naturally established or planted with native vegetation. The most effective buffers consist of a mix of tall trees, shrubs, groundcover, and duff layers.
Lawn grass alone is not enough to protect water quality. Its shallow roots can’t effectively filter out sediment or non-point source (NPS) pollution such as stormwater runoff. A vegetated buffer between your lawn and the lake helps slow runoff, absorb nutrients, and trap pollutants before they reach the water.
Want to assess your property? The free LakeSmart Program by Maine DEP can help evaluate and improve your buffer zone.
Components of a Good Buffer
Trees
The upper canopy catches raindrops, reducing their force and the resulting soil erosion. Trees stabilize soil with deep roots and provide shade, cooling the lake and supporting aquatic life. You can trim lower branches to preserve lake views while keeping the protective benefits of the tree canopy.
Shrubs
Acting as the second layer of protection, shrubs slow rainwater and help anchor the soil. They offer habitat and wind protection, and don’t obstruct views due to their low height.
Groundcover
Plants like grasses, flowers, and vines hold surface soil and absorb stormwater pollutants. They also add beauty and support pollinators like bees and butterflies.
Duff Layer
Leaves, pine needles, and fallen twigs create a natural “sponge” that absorbs water, slows erosion, and promotes healthy soil by supporting decomposer microorganisms.
Information adapted from Lake A Syst: A publication of the University of Maine Cooperative Extension.
The LakeSmart Program is available to help landowners protect our lake heritage through smart landscaping and shoreline planning.
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